20th+Century+Nationalism

__**20th Century Nationalism**__

__Main Heading:__ MI: Triggers for Change: The Big Changes MIl Continuity MI: Impact on Daily Life: Emotions and Behaviors MI: Societies and Trends MI: [|http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~worldwarone/WWI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure1-WorldAtlas-large.jp] 3. Copy the image above into your wiki and complete a brief **"I See/It Means"** below it.
 * 1) **Read 636-643** -take notes to Identify major changes and conituities of the upcoming unit
 * More new nations arose in the 20th century, than in any other century in history.
 * The typical pollitical system in 1914 was either a monarchy or an empire. However, by the early 21st century almost every single country had a different type of government than they previously had. Some societies even focused on multiple types of government.
 * By 1914 the government system was dominated by a land aristocracy.
 * By the 21st century, aristocracy had dramatically faded due to revolution and the rise of industries.
 * New nations were paralleled by new political and social structures.
 * A variety of new regional combinations formend, the strongest being the European Union.
 * Multinational corporations often possessed powers even greater than larger nations.
 * The end of the European dominance began to crash down during World War 1, a great economic depression, and World War 2.
 * Both World War 1 and World War 2 were known as European civil wars which had caused massive issues economically, demograpohically, and politically.
 * Western military suprememcy was also shaken. New challenge had arose and a large number of former colonies were able to develop sufficient military arsenals.
 * Trigger 1: Collapse of European imperial dominance and decolonization.
 * Question 1: What framework will replace the system?
 * There was a cold war rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union which provided a political, economic, and policy framework.
 * This ended and the United States emerged as a sold superpower.
 * One of the major questions that began to form. was: Would the next phase of world history see some other dominant civilization playing the role that the Islamic Middle East and the west maintained for significant stretches of world history?
 * New methods of transportation and communication provided a third defining feature and ushered another stage in the capafity to move people, goods, and ideas worldwide.
 * Radio, sattelite transmissions and the internet shrunk the world as never before. New technology sich as these also defined a new era of military life.
 * Destructive new warfare powers grew steadily, boundries between military personnel and civilians blurred. Outside of the war it became easier to kill more people in a more rapid place.
 * Trigger 2: Massive technological innovation.
 * Question 2: Which aspect military capcity of global communication networks should be emphasized?
 * Tremendous population growth provided new health measuers which were introduced in the beginning of the 19th century.
 * Improvements in food supply for the most part kept pace with others even though other regions still experienced famines.
 * Rapid population growth was also accompanied by massive urbanization in an advance of industrial growth and new patterns of urban poverty played their own role.
 * Trigger 3: The demographic explosion.
 * Question 3: Will historians look back on this as a framework for disaster inevitably leading to exhaustion of resources, battles for space, and pollution; or will the new population levels prove to be manageable and self-correcting as the rapid decline in birth rates by 2000 might suggest?
 * The 20th century would toss up several pssibilities wilder use of some sort of democracy; totalitarian governments-communist or fascist-seeking full control over societiy; or new forms of authoritarianism including a one part rule.
 * Poliutical change was a dominant process. The growing need to accomodate new kinds of leaders, now that they aristocracy no longer served as a primary source.
 * Greater political independence and new political regimes improved positions in the world economy.
 * Economic change and the advance of modern manufacturing were widespread. The result was a more complex world economy than that of the 19th century.
 * Despite great disputes and resistance cultural chanfes frequently involved gener roles.
 * Nationalism won allegiance from many people. However, Marxism was a persuasive belief system for many people during the 20th century.
 * The new period showed important movements toward increases in education, new legal rights, and stronger political voice for women.
 * By the end of the 20th century declining birth rates added another dimension to the changing lives of women.
 * However, in some societies women lost economic grounds as men took the more profitable jobs.
 * A new round of globalization had receded the Soviet Union pulled out of the international economic and political systems as did Nazi Germany.
 * Technologies promotong further contacts continued to accelerate however after World War II Japan, Germany, and even the United States became active global players.
 * Global cultural change around consumerism became more extensive than ever before.
 * Population growth encouraged new forms of migration that brought people from Africa, Asia, and Latin America to industrial centers in the United States, Western Europe, and even different parts of Japan.
 * Globalization also brought about environmental changes. Human impact on the environment had been regional and now it formed on the international level.
 * Multinational corporations were involved with recurrent pollution crises, including oil spills and chemical disasters.
 * Air pollution causing acid rain which brought smoke from industrial regions to forests miles away.
 * In the late 20th century many people believed that change was accelerating.
 * A number of regions advanced industrialization, however others continued to focus on low cast production of raw materials and foods.
 * By 2005 fewer than 30% of the world's people had access to the Internet which was a huge minority and an impressive sign of change.
 * Many overall economic inequalities had worsened by the early 21st century. There were becoming th be a greater resistence to chanfe in many parts of the world.
 * Many societies hesitated over redefinitions of gender relations.
 * The increased influence of fundamental religions both reflected and encouraged resistance to many types of chanfe including the inroads and consumer culture.
 * Many regions attempted to discipline change by combining it with other traditions.
 * Many societies retained larger orientations derived from their previous traditions.
 * For example early in the 21st century it was clear that the United States continued to be extremely suspicious of participating in international afreements that might limit sovereignity; several pacts on the environment, on punishing war criminals and on banning land mines were rejected.
 * Key developments in the 20th and 21st century impacted people's emotions and behavior.
 * To some extent emotions are hardwired and not a subject to historical change. Many emotional and behavioral formulations relectt individuals personality or particular cultures.
 * Demographic changes had emotional and behavioral implications. When families lowered their birth rates, emotional attachments to individual children increased.
 * American families in the 20th century and rarely survived the death of a child without a divorce.
 * The spread of McDonald's set up its first restaurants in Soviet Russia, it had to teach workers to smile and pretend to be cheerful, a marked contrast to the surly style common among salespeople in the Soviet system.
 * The chapters in the third section illustrate the larger themes of this new period in time. They also recognize stages withing the past century; the world wars and interwar period at a time of transition postwar developments dominated by the cold war and decolonzation; and a third phase- our current phase- in which new allginemnts wotjomg a framework of accelerating global contacts.
 * 1) **Read 647-649** outline the causes of the First World War
 * 2) The Fear of Germany's growing economic and military power had driven aristocratic Russia to ally first with republican France and then with a democratic Britain.
 * 3) Early in the 1890's the arrogance and agressive postureing of Germany;s new ruler Kaiser Wilhelm II magnified the threat of the emergin callosus which semed to pose for the rest of Europe.
 * 4) The French hoped that their alliance with Russia would lead to a two-front war that would break Germany's rising supremecy and allow Franch to recover the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.
 * 5) Britain joined with Russia and France to form the Triple Entente in the early 1900's.
 * 6) The Triple Entente powers increasingly confronted a counteralliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy which would become known as the Central Powers.
 * 7) The alliance system menancing in itself was embitered by the atmosphere generated by imperial rivalries that were played out over most of the globe. In decades leading to the First World War, most Europeans had been involved in empire building overseas and they came to equate the prestige of "great power".
 * 8) By the 1900's most of the world's available territories had been colonized by one or another of the states in the two alliances. Result: The scramble for the few areas left unclaimed in the 1900's produced tensions in the European diplomatic system.
 * 9) Imperialist rivalries soldified the growing divisions between the two alliances and fed the jingoism that had a great dealing with the lead up to the war.
 * 10) Most European leaders of both the great powers and smaller states such as the Balkans were eager to vie for increased territories and were obsessed with keeping their rivals from advancing at their countries expense.
 * 11) Imperialism and the alliance system were both linked to more intense and costly arms races. Naval rivalry was the most apparent and fiercely contested. Germany decided to build a navy that would threaten Great Britains long-standing control of the World's oceans. Huge new warships such as the Dreadnaught battleship launched in 1906 kept the naval rivalry at a fever pitch.
 * 12) Armies grew steadily in size and firepower and they practiced mass meaeuvers that national leaders were prepared to implement in the event of the outbreak of general war.
 * 13) Diplomatic and military competition tried foreign policy to spiraling domestic tensions. All of the major industrial nations and those in the process of industraizing faced growing labor unrest after 1900. Strkies, the growth of trade unions and votes for socialist parties mounted. The business classes and political elites were alarmed by the challenges to their dominance. They sought diplomatic success. Those in power also supported military buildups because they provided employment for the workiing classes and huge profitss to industrialists who were pillars of support for each of the European regimes.
 * 14) Just before 1914, decades of rivalry and mounting tensions within the European state system were increasingly centered on the Balkans where Russia sought to break Serbia.
 * 15) In July 1914, Serbian nationalist, Garviel Princip assasinate the heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sarajevo the administrative center of the Bosnian province of the Austrian empire.
 * 16) When the Russians vowed to support their Slavic brethen in Serbia should war break with the Austrians, the alliance system had been forged in the preceding decades came into play.
 * 17) Within months the confrontation of the two blocs had transformed what might have been aregional war among the Balkan states and their Austrian and Russian backers.
 * 18) Indebt diplomacy and a widespread sense of resignation to the eventual outbreak of war which some believed would start out quarrels and tensions that had been building for decades led to the mobilization of the armies of the great powers in July 1914.
 * 19) Leaders of most of the powers had long regarded mobilization as a way of applying diplomatic pressure for the Germans, mobilization meant war. They faced the possibility of massive combat on the two fronts since the 1890's intricate plan to first attack in the west and defeat France before turning to the more backward and then started to mobilize.
 * I SEE || IT MEANS ||
 * * Cauldron || * The Cauldron seems to be containing all of the major causes of the Balkan Troubles that have been bottling up inside for decades. ||
 * * Words the Boiling Point || * The Boiling Point is significant because it symbolizes the the troubles had finally began to come through to a point where war was not to far away. ||
 * * Words Balkan Troubles on Cauldron || * The words on the Cauldren seem to symbolize what is being contained in the cauldron. ||
 * * Steam || * Symbolize the troubles starting to pour out of the cauldron ||
 * * Men sitting on lid of cauldron || * They are trying to keep all of the problems inside of the cauldron but they look scared because the troubles are starting to pour out of the cauldron. ||

4. Read the 14 Points points by Woodrow Wilson found here: @http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/President_Wilson%27s_Fourteen_Points

5. Answer the following questions in your wiki - Start at "It will be our wish..." (10th paragraph) India Africa The Middle East
 * How does the introduction relate to the causes of WWI?
 * What does Wilson suggest was the reason for American entry into the war?
 * How would you summarize the main objectives of the 14 Points?
 * How might the colonies of Britain and France react to the 14 points?