Latin+America

Chapter 32:

Economic:
 * Mines were eventually nationalized
 * By the 1950's about 3/4 of what Cuba imported came from the United States.
 * An effort to industrialize in the 1960's failed.
 * Cuba relied on sugar as a main export
 * In Brazil economic improvements were achieved, However, income distributions became even more unequal than before.
 * Inflation was reduced.
 * Industrialization increased.
 * Gains were made in literacy and in health.
 * Large foreign loans were taken in the 1970's for the purpose of development, sometimes for unnecessary projects, created a level of debt that threatened economic stablility of countries such as Brazil, Peru, and Mexico.
 * High rates of inflation, provoked financial instability as real wages fell.
 * In South America, private investments by American companies and entrepaneaurs as well as loans from the American government were chief means of U.S. influence.
 * U.S. investments rose to more than $5 billion by 1929.
 * Urban economics were not able to create enough jobs for the increasing population
 * Latin American urbanization increased.

Social:
 * Zapatistas (in honor of Emiliano Zapata) peasant leader in the 1910 revolution.
 * In Indian Bolivia in 1950, 90%of the land was owned by 6% of the population revolution erupted in 1952 which miners, peasants, and the urban middle-class groups participated.
 * In Guatemala, the population was mostly illiterate and suffered poor health conditions and high mortality rates.
 * Guatemala continued to have low standards of living.
 * Cuba had a large middle class and its literacy and health care levels were better,
 * Social programs were extensive.
 * Education, health, and housing improved greatly and ranked almost up to Cuba.
 * Position of the Catholic church in Latin American societies were changing, but there was no single program.
 * Government economic policies fell heaviest on the working class.
 * In Brazil, economic improvements were achieved.
 * Role of women was slowly changing
 * After World War 1 women still suffered from inequalities the workplace, and in politics
 * Feminist organizations, suffrage movements, and internation pressures eventually combined to bring about trade.
 * In Argentine, 15 bills were introduced in the senate before the vote was won in 1945
 * Classic roles of women as homemakers, mothers, and agricultural workers were expanded.
 * Women entered the industrial force.
 * In Argentina by 1911, women made up about 80% of clothing and textile industry workers.