Nationalism,+Industrialization,+and+Imperialism

Objectives:
 * Define Nationalism and give examples of Nationalist movements
 * The term “nationalism” is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1) the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, and (2) the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-determination. (1) raises questions about the concept of a nation (or national identity), which is often defined in terms of common origin, ethnicity, or cultural ties, and while an individual's membership in a nation is often regarded as involuntary, it is sometimes regarded as voluntary. (2) raises questions about whether self-determination must be understood as involving having full statehood with complete authority over domestic and international affairs, or whether something less is required. (Taken from [] )
 * Examples:
 * Describe the character and scale of industrialization
 * Explain the main effects of the Industrial revolution - Social, Poltical, Economic Cultural, and Technological
 * Describe the connection between Industrialization and Imperialism
 * Analyze British Imperialism in India and Africa
 * 1.) Treaty of Westaphalia**
 * **Who?** || * The treaty of Westphalia was created and involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III, the Kingdoms of Spain, France, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic. ||
 * **What?** || * A treaty that brought the Thirty Years War to end. ||
 * **When?** || * 1648 ||
 * **Where?** || * Germany ||
 * **Why?** || * It agreeed to the territorial Torrence and to settle the rebellion of the Protestant Netherlands againt Spain. Also to end the major wars of the time such as the Thirty Years War. ||


 * 2.) Define Nationalism in your own words:**
 * Nationalism-**
 * Notes:**
 * **Unification of Italy**
 * **Unification of Germany**
 * **Zionism**
 * World Zionist Organization: After the incident in 1897, Herzl (an established Austrian journalist) and a number of other prominent western European Jews joined with Jewish leaders from Eastern Europe. Herzl made it clear in his writings that he was supposed to promote Jewish migration and settlement in Palestine until a zionist state could be established in the area.
 * **Brazilian Independence**
 * **By the end of the 15th century, Brazil had grown in popualtion and economic importance. The growth of European demand for colonial products contributed to that growth and imports of slaves increased. When Rio de Janeiro became the capital of the Portugese empire Brazil was raised to an equal status of Portugal.**
 * **Monroe Doctrine**
 * **Written in 1823 this doctrine warned against European meddling in the Americas, but it was the British policy and naval power that kept the hemisphere from new colonialism. American energies poured into an elaboration of the new political system, internal commercial growth and early industrialiation and westward expansion. The Louisiana Purchase, the acquisition of Texas, and the rush to California rapidly extended the United States beyond the Mississippi River. The nation now stood as a symbol of freedom to many Europeans.**
 * **Argentine Republic**
 * **By 1862 after considerable fighting, a compramise was worked out and the new, unified nation entered into a period of prosperity and growth under a series of liberal presidents whose programs paralleled the Reforma in Mexico. Between 1862 and 1890 Domingo F. Sarmiento initiated a wide spread of political reforms and economic measures to try and bring progress to Argentina.**
 * **Blakan Nationalsim**
 * **Balkan nationalsim threatened Austria which had a large southern Slav population. Russia and Austria nearly came to blows on several occasions over Balkan issues. Then in 1912 and 1913 Balkan itself engaged in two internal wars which led to territorial gain for several states but did not satisfy them.**


 * 3.) Summarize the glabal impact of Nationalism (1/2 page)**
 * Nationalism was the sense of unity among a nation or nations. During times such as the era of the French Revolution nationalism allowed the people to create a state which they believed would benefit their society as a whole. During the American revolution the thirteen colonies had to unite together as a whole in order to win and gain their freedom from Great Britain. After the conclusion of the war, the thirteen colonies began to form into a democratic society along with the creation and addition of states rather than colonies. What used to be the thirteen colonies became 13 out of 50 states. Each state was allowed to create their own rules and regulations under their own govenment. Nationalism has had a major impact in countries of Eastern and Western Europe and range all the way to what is now the United States of America.**
 * 4.) Look at Data and answer the questions:**
 * //Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)//**
 * ** Year ** || ** Index Number ** ||
 * ** 1850 ** || ** 10 ** ||
 * ** 1870 ** || ** 24 ** ||
 * ** 1895 ** || ** 48 ** ||
 * ** 1901 ** || ** 67 ** ||
 * ** 1911 ** || ** 96 ** ||
 * ** 1913 ** || ** 100 ** ||
 * // Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons) //**
 * || **1830** || **1850** || **1913** ||
 * **Britain** || **700** || **2,716** || **9,792** ||
 * **France** || **244** || **1,262** || **4,626** ||
 * **Russia** || **167** || **231** || **3,870** ||
 * **Germany** || **111** || **246** || **14,836** ||
 * //Years of Life Expectancy at Birth//**
 * **Country** || **Year: 1820** || **Year: 1900** ||
 * **Britain** || **40** || **50** ||
 * **Average,rest of Western Europe** || **36** || **46** ||
 * **United States** || **39** || **47** ||
 * **Japan** || **34** || **44** ||
 * **Russia** || **28** || **32** ||
 * **Average, all Latin America** || **27** || **32** ||
 * **Average, all Asia** || **23** || **24** ||
 * **Average all Africa** || **23** || **24** ||

The data set that is the most significant would be the chart of Iron production (1,000's) Metric Tons. This is the most significant, because during this time period there was a great deal of talk having to do with industrialization. With the increase in the amount of iron being produced more items for trade and selling could be made a quicker and more effecient pace. All of the previous data sets show us how Industrialization has affected the world as a whole. For example in the first data set, Indes Numbers of World Trade, we are shown the increase in the volume of trade in years such as the 1850's through 1913. In the second chart, we are shown how much the production of iron has increased due to effects such as the advancements of the steam engine and machinery rather than relying on human labor. In the third chart we are shown the increase in the birth expectency rate. In the 1820's (first column) the nubers are lower than those in the second column (1900's) Due to advancements in technology, manufacturing, and agriculture more goods could be produced at a more effecient rate. This would be able to raise the life expectency rate because there would be more food. water. items to benefit all of the people. Also, since things would be produced faster and at a larger quantity overall more could be provided per person. 5.)
 * **Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why?**
 * **Taken together what do these data sets tell us?**
 * What was the Industrial Revolution?
 * A period of time from the 18th to the 19th century, where major changes in agriculure, manufacturing, mining transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions.
 * What was its origins?
 * The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom, but eventually spread throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the whole world.
 * What were its major effects?
 * The Industrial Revolution marks a turning point in World History. A person's average income and the overall population experienced an unprecedented sustained growth.
 * Previously more manual labor was used, however manufacturing eventually led to machine based labor rather than the labor of the people.


 * 6.) Create a mindmap of the effects of Industrialization: **
 * Include: ﻿ **
 * Gender roles/issues
 * Family Structures
 * Social Structures
 * Extension of voting rights (chartist movement)
 * Mass leisure culture
 * Romanticism
 * Socialism
 * Communism


 * 7.) Examine the map below and the data that follows - What do they show us? **

//Extent of Colonial Control//
 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || 94,000 || 212,600 || 11,800 || 13,200 || 210,000 ||
 * ~ Population || 45,500,100 || 42,000,000 || 8,300,000 || 8.500,000 || 67,500,000 ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || 13,100,000 || 4,300,000 || 940,000 || 790,000 || 1,100,000 ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || 470,000,000 || 65,000,000 || 13,000,000 || 66,000,000 || 13,000,000 ||

SOURCE: Mary Evelyn Townsend, //European Colonial Expansion Since 1871// (Chicago: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1941), p. 19

//Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers// (1900) SOURCE: A. Supan, //Die territoriale Entwicklung der Euroaischen Kolonien// (Gotha, 1906), p. 254
 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || 90.4% ||
 * ~ Polynesia || 98.9% ||
 * ~ Asia || 56.5% ||
 * ~ Australia || 100.0% ||
 * ~ Americas || 27.2% ||

This map shows us the countries that are under the control of the British (Great Britain). For example 100% of Australia was controlled by Great Britain. What can be considered as strange is that Britain controlled a great portion of the American colonies before, but now only 27% is under Brisith control. [

8. Define Imperialism in your own words: the policy of extending rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. (Taken from [] )

My own words: The power that the government has the rules or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries.

9. What were the motivations for Imperialism? Economic - motives included the desire to make money, to expand and control foreign trade, to create new markets for products, to acquire raw materials and cheap labor, to compete for investments and resources, and to export industrial technology and transportation methods. 2.) Political- motives were based on a nation's desire to gain power, to compete with other European countries, to expand territory, to exercise military force, to gain prestige by winning colonies, and to boost national pride and security. 3.) Religious- motives included the desire to spread Christianity, to protect European missionaries in other lands, to spread European values and moral beliefs, to educate peoples of other cultures, and to end slave trade in Africa. 4.) Exploratory- motives were based on the desire to explore "unknown" or uncharted territory, to conduct scientific research, to conduct medical searches for the causes and treatment of diseases, to go on an adventure, and to investigate "unknown" lands and cultures. (Taken from [] )

My own explanation: During the late 1800's the main focuses of imperialism were expansion of a nations territory, gaining wealth for ones own nation, and gaining more resources for labor and industries.

While many countries, including but not limited to France, Germany, Belgium, and the United Nations, engaged in Imperialist activity; Great Britain is known above all as the best example of a true imperialist nation. We will examine the actions of Great Britain to gain a better understanding of the nature, extent and effects of Imperialism.

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.


 * The British East India Company
 * Formed the basis of the trade and expansion for Great Britain. This was responsible for the colonization of many new countries and the expansion for some.
 * Sepoys
 * Indian troops who were relied heavily on by the British. Indian princes were regarded by the British as allies whom the British could use to control snf crush competitors within India.
 * British Raj
 * (sanskrit- derived name for British political establishment in India) A part of the fierce global rivalry between the British and the French. One of the first established political government.
 * Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference
 * Partition of Africa - division of civilizations in Africa among the different regions such as the British, Portugese, French and Spanish. However, by 1914 countries such as Italy, Germany, Belgium, and Indepenent societies were being added into the mix.
 * Settlement Colonies
 * The second major type of European overseas postion. However, using different patterns of European occupations and receiving an indigenous response.
 * White Dominions
 * Cecil Rhodes
 * James Cook

11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below
 * Country || How Britain gained control - steps to conquest || Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power || Effects/ Reactions ||
 * India (note this will be more notes than the following two nations.) || * British arrived in India similarly how the Dutch moved into Java (Indonesian Island)
 * British landpower paralleled the capture of the Java by the Dutch.
 * The British relied heavily on the sepoys (indian troops). Indian princes regarded the British as allies whom they could use and control to crush competitors from withing India or to put down people who tried to take their throne.
 * Rise of the British Raj- political system that was established in India.
 * Key Battle 1757 Plassey which had fewer than 3000 British troops and Indian sepoys defeated and army of a heavily armed 50,000. || * Decades after Plassey British officials went to war with Indian princes whose kingdoms burdened on the company's growing possessions.
 * British were content to leave defeated or allied Indian princes in the thrones of their princely states and to control their kingdoms through agents stationed at the rulers court, ||  ||
 * South Africa || * Britian established to provide a station where Dutch merchant ships could take on water and fresh food in the middle of their long journey from Europe to the East Indies.
 * The arrival of British overlords in South Africa in the early 19th century made for major changes in the interactions of the Boers and the indigenous people.
 * British captured Cape Town.
 * Boers spoke a different language than they British and they made a more rural homelife that tranformed British society scientifically, urbanly, and undustrially. || * By 1830's missionary pressure and increasing British interference in their lives drove a handful of Boers followed Boer pioneers along the Southern and eastern coast eventually establishing Natal. || * Boer Republics: Orange Free State and the Transvaal which tried to keep free of British influence.
 * Cecil Rhodes and prospectors began to move in after finding diamonds in 1867 in the Orange Free State.
 * Boer Wars- Boer assaults against British bases in Natal in the Cape Colony (1899-1902) British ultimately won but lives were heavily lost on both sides. ||
 * New Zealand || * Maori of New Zealand actually went through two periods of the disruption of dangers.
 * By the 1840's only 80,000 to 90,000 population of Maori.
 * British farmers and herders arrived on the land in the late 1850's and they began to want claims to the islands.
 * As parts of their growing global empires.
 * Warlike Maori fought back sometimes with temporary success but they were driven back to the interior land almost every single time.
 * They eventually flocked to religious prophets by the 1860's-1870's who promised magical charm and supernatural assistance in their efforts to drive out the invadors. || * Maori built up immunities to new diseases and also learned to use European laws and political institutions to defend themselves and preserve what was left of their ancestral land.
 * New Zealand was included in the White Dominions of the British Empire however, it was eventually a multiracial society. ||  ||

12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism: Natinoalism, Industrialization, and Imperialism can all connect to each other, because all three have helped to improve societies as a whole. Also, they are all based off of each others actions. For example without nationalism there would be no overall society to be able to industrialize. Nationalism helped societies as a whole because the people were more unified as whole. Due to industrialization civilizations and societies were able to flourish more. Industrialization led to an increase of the total population of all the different societies. Under the rules of imperialism different nations were able to come into contact with other nations without the starting a great deal of contact.

CCOT EssayThe Change over time essay is designed for you to analyze the evolution of a trend or a phenomenon over a long period of time. Concentrate on showing what changed, and how. Start by establishing a baseline: what were things like at the beginning of the period? What changed? How and why did it change? What were things like at the end of the period? What if anything stayed the same?

Write an essay that: > **Question**:Analyze the changes in Global commerce from 1450-1914 C.E. Be sure to discuss changes as well as continuities. > > Steps Do Now: 3/10/11 Class Notes
 * Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence
 * Addresses all parts of the question
 * Uses world historical context to show change over time and/or continuities
 * Analyzes the process of change and/or continuity
 * Break down the question
 * **Sketch a time-line**
 * **1493: discovery of America**
 * **territory and crops for global commerce was regulated by the Spanish mercantilist system.**
 * **Establishment of plantation colonies**
 * **Age of silver and gold in Portugal**
 * **Portugese extended their expeditions into Africa. Led to the increase in slave imports to the colonies in Portugal. creation of the transatlantic slave trade**
 * **Triangular trade**
 * **Asian sea trading network**
 * **Industrail Revolution**
 * **began to change what was imported and exported and where they were imported to and exported from.**
 * **1823 Monroe Doctrine**
 * **1857-1858 Darwin's Origin of Species**
 * **1859-1870 Unification of Italy**
 * **1864 - 1871 Unification of Germany**
 * **1907 New Zealand gains domination stattues**
 * **1914 World War I**
 * **1913 Balkan wars**
 * **1857 Mutiny in India**
 * Establish a baseline
 * **Identify major changes and continuities**
 * **Draft thesis**
 * **Write essay**
 * Tropical Dependency - Large indigenous population governed by only a small portion of Europeans.
 * White Dominions- People from places such as Canada and Australia. They accounted for a good portion of the land even though only a small population was actually British. Low indigenous population dominated by a large European population. Example is also in United States
 * Settler Colonies - When a place is colonized through a settlement. There was more of an even population balance between indigenous people and Europeans. They saw more conflicts over land. An example is in South Africa.