Classical+Greece+and+Rome

Civiliz Civilization/Nation/Group __Rome__

Ti me Period_1000 B.C.E.-476 C.E.___


 * E ||  In Rome it was common for landlords to make sure that farmers would be forced to become tenents of laborers or to join the swelling crowds of the urban lower class. Because of this, the Roman republic had declined, because too many farmers became dependent on the protection of the larger land lords, even when they did not work their estates outright, and they could no longer freely vote. The Roman state began as a local monarchy in central Italy, however, around 509 B.C.E. Roman aristocrats succeeded in overthrowing more elaborate political institutions than their humble little city-state. They had some trade with China and India.   Slavery was a key factor to the succes of Rome.  ||
 * S || Slaves were common for people to have in Rome. They used their slaves mostly, for household tasks, such as, the tutoring of upper-class children. However, slaves were also forced to work in the mines for both metal and iron. Merchants had a higher position than they had in China, but they had a lower position than merchants of India. Rome was also based on a patriarchal society. Men had complete dominancy over women. It was allowed for men to kill their wives if they performed any kinds of deeds, such as adultey, or if they made them mad. However women had a lot of power in the hosuehold, even though they were considered inferior in the outside world, meaning that they could not vote or have any control on the politics of Rome. ||
 * P || One of Rome's reasons to becoming a huge success were the successes of general Julius Caesar in 45 B.C.E. and his grand nephew Augustus Caesar, who came into power in 27 B.C.E. However, politics of Classical Rome, still continued to be at a downfall compared to those of other civilizations like Han China. It wasnt until 313 B.C.E., when the emperor at the time Constantine came into power and adopted the religion of Christianity did it seem like things for Rome may take a turn for the positive. The basic political system of Rome was based on that of the Greeks. The most lethal legislative body in classical rome was the senate. Rome was a republic. The Senate was composed of many aristocrats, who in times of chaos would chose a dictator to hold emergency authority unti after the time of the crisis went away. In the time of a crisis they would pick a dictator who would rule until the chaos of the civilization was over. Rome created and empire and unified all of the colonies within their empire. ||
 * I || The Romans believed that it was crucial for them to remain in constant war and they based themselves on a warlike society, which can compare to the greek city-state of Sparta. The Romans remained a warlike society in order to acquire power and land. They conquered different territories as far as Spain and Africa. Stoics, which emphasized the inner moral of independence and made great contributions to establishing peoples personal bravery which then blended with thoughts of Christianity. The father was the dominant sex and they ruled over the women (wives). However women had more control than the men in the household. The coliseum was built and is where all of the people would get together to watch fights between two gladiators. ||
 * R ||  The Romans never created a significant “world-class religion”. They ended up following Christianity which they ended up raising the power of Christianity. They also, they did not have an ethic system. However Christianity appeared to be the mainly practiced religion in the Roman Empire, even though the beliefs were not thought up at the time. They believed in a complex set of gods. Even though Greece and Rome worshipped the same gods, they had different names for them. (I.e. Zues in Greece and Jupiter in Rome, who presided and ruled over an assemblage of gods and goddesses whose abilities ranged from controlling the sun, or the oceans, to inspiring war or human love and beauty. The ceremonies that were performed for these gods had real political importance and many people sought out the gods’ help in being able to foretell their futures. The gods were often used to illustrate human passions and foibles, which meant that they were serving as symbols of human nature. Rome was a polytheistic society meaning that they believed in more than one god.  ||
 * I ||  While many of the artistic achievements were those of the Greeks, there were also many different achievements that the Romans gave to society. They were known more for their monumental and athletic achievements. Two of the most recognized Roman achievements of Classical Rome were the chariot races and the gladiator fights. The gladiator fights took place in the coliseum, where two gladiators would fight to the death. Their philospohies were completely different from their religion.  ||
 * T || They created some of the first sytems of roads. They also built huge stadiums and baths for the publics entertainment. The most famous stadium of classical Rome is the colloseum, where chariot races and the gladiator fights. The gladiator fights took place in the coliseum, where either two gladiators. would fight to the death. The Romans also, created forms of transportations for water called aqueducts that made it a lot easier for the transportation of the water to different parts of the city-state. They also built massive temples to worship their gods in. ||

Laura Sheehan 10/4/10 Period 4 APWH “Greek and Rome Comparisons”

During the classical periods of both Greece and Rome, despite the many similarities, they still differentiated from each other. One example is that they were both polytheistic civilizations and they both worshipped the same gods. However, the Greek gods had one name and the Roman gods had another name for the same exact god. For example, while the Greeks called the father god Zeus, the Romans called him Jupiter. Also, the both were very powerful and feared warlike nations. In Greece, there was the city-state of Sparta, where boys were shipped off at a very young age to go and live in open fields, where they would be trained to become excellent warriors. The Greeks and Romans also became to be successful because of their art and architecture. It was in Greece that the first rendition of a vase was created. The artists would paint different scenarios of hero’s fulfilling their hero duties. It’s estimated that a vase from ancient Greece would sell for millions of dollars in the present day world. The Romans began to become successful by their advancements in architecture. They built the largest stadium in the Classical World, which they called the Coliseum. Here, was where most of the entertainment for the people of Rome would take place. There would be gladiator fights, were two men would fight to the death, or a man and a large animal, usually a lion, would fight until one finally killed the other. The Romans also created aqueducts, which made it easier to transport water throughout, what was becoming a massive city state. One way that Rome and Greece differentiated from each other was in their political systems. The Greeks followed a sytem which they called a direct democracy. The direct democracy allowed the people to have a say in what was going on around them, and there was no single representative. However, women had no political rights, and since many of the men were foreigners they also had no right to vote because they were not citizens yet. In Rome, they used a completely different system, a republic. The Roman Republic was made up of aristocrats who made up the most important branch of the legislative branch, the Senate. The Greeks and Romans also believed in some of the same philosophies which were based off of the beliefs of Aristotle and Cicero, who "stressed the importance of moderation and ballance in human behavior as opposed to the instability of much political life and the excesses of the gods themselves. Despite the very few differences between the Greeks and the Romans, they both had a very stron basis for politics, economy, and armies for warfare, which made the both really powerful nations of the Classical World.

Notes on the Documentary: The Crucible of Civilization

The Revolution: Early and lower class: Geographics: Government: Greek achievements:
 * Greeks achieved everything whille still maintaining a stable army
 * greek achievements still shapes our present day worlds.
 * Thylisticles was one of the greatest military leaders of all time.
 * Socrated was one of the greatest phiosophers of all time.
 * In 508 B.C.E. in Athens pandamoniam ruled the streets because the people demanded freedom from their rulers.
 * Clysonies was brought up to be a ruler. he saw that the people of Athens should have the right to own their own freedom and government.
 * He was born in 570 B.C. and he was born into one of the richest families in Greece. His family were called the Alchaimadiests. men from this background were expected to have everything given to them.
 * They used wealth to gain power.
 * In the 6th century B.C. aristocrats controlled everything that went on in Athens.
 * farmers and tradesmen had small mud-brick housing with no plumbing.
 * women spent their days in the homes cooking, cleaning, and spinning
 * reading and writing were scarce.
 * the life expectancy for many people was less than 15 years
 * serfs had no part or share in anything
 * Aristotle believed that Greek society was full of injustice for these people.
 * the peasant class were referred to as Helluts and they were forced to work for their Spartan overseers.
 * South of Greece was Egpyt
 * east of greece was the Persian Empire
 * there were over 1000 city-states during Clystoces time.
 * mainland Greece had no plains, there were mainly mountain ranges and small islands along the coast.
 * each city-state had was independent and had their own government and culture.
 * city-states fought each other for land and power.
 * one city state with major military power was Sparta.
 * Spartan boys were raised in fields to become strong and powerful warriors.
 * Spartans lived their lives with very few possessions
 * they wore red uniforms to cover either their blood or the blood of others.
 * they conquered more than 4,000 sq. miles worth of land for Greece
 * Homer composed Illiat and the Odyssey, which were about heros and their battle, hardships, and glory
 * a hero could be found all over greek art especially on the vases that greek artists made.
 * Achilles was an important Greek hero who had to choice to either live a short life and die on the battlefield or to live a long and happy life
 * Achilles ended up choosing the short life and did die on the battlefield.
 * If you were a potter in Greece you would be considered nothing despite all of your hard work and efforts.

Presentations 10/7/10

Nomads: Black death developed were agents so crops could be exchanged nomadic waririor were the ones who brought the diseases relied on animals

Religion Buddhism and Islam were spread throughout tthe trading routes pf Central Asia

Inventions and Technologies Nomadic attacks led the the Great Wall of China to prevent further invasions addles bits and the bow and arrow were developed the secrets of making paper which had been creted centuries before was established for the rest of the world to know

Inequality as the social norm

western belief- a persons place in society should not be determined by the class or familt which they are born into india- revealed the diversity generated during the classical age developed a primary religion india cast system was the most complex system where there was no room for social mobility.

1.) humans were born unequal religion justifies this

2.) they deserveed it they had divine right they were born into it humans were inherently unequal

Women:

patriarcha; family structures put men in charge of all property, and in charge of their family. parents set up arranged marriages cheating on the husband=death men had no punishment for cheating on their wives women had to be virgins to be married in egypt women were given power china treated their women a lot better than india

5 main points hierharcy degrated the potential of women ever early societies had double standars had double standards and unfair sexism men were in full control of women and families and treated them both like property 1.) Women would have viewd their conditions as discrimination but on the other hand they would think that thye had to obey men

2.) economic anmd legal differences in agricultural civilizations determine the differences in womens conditions in the different patriarchal societies.

3.) upper class women were considered to be far mor inferior than lower class women because there was less need for them in society in lower class societies women were expected to work for a living, raise children, and manage household and in upper class societies there was no need for anyone to do any work which made them less "intelligent"

idea of civilization

to the chinese and the aztecs being civilizaed was cultural no biological or racial greeks made up the word barbarian to distinguish between themselves and those who could not speak greek historians can not really determine how many races there were from that long ago rise of racial discrimination summary everyone lives in a society with cultural beliefs and language which made them all differentiate from each other

Governeized government way of transportation communnication agriculture economy traditions social structure

is it civilized if it doesnt fit the criteria yes because it doesnt need ot have every single one of their traits

The United States in a civilzied society usa fall under criteria because ;aws do exist politically stable and government is well run.

Reasons for the Fall of Rome:


 * fell to Germanic invadors
 * The Huns were a major conclusion towards the fall of Rome. They swept across Italy eventually invading Rome and causing a lot of major destruction.

Reasons for the fall of India:


 * invasions from outside civilizations
 * The Huns caused the Guptas in India to be overthrown because they constantly invaded them.
 * the ability of the Gupta emperors to control the local princes were beginning to decline by the 5th century.
 * Buddhism began to decline
 * Hindu beliefs gained ground and among other things converted Hun princes, who at first had no sympathy for anyone else but themselves, and constant warfare to understand the Buddhist principles of calm and contemplation
 * Hindu leaders began to react to the arrival of

Reasons for the fall of China:
 * suffered from many outside invasions
 * Confucian intellectual activity began to decline and become less creative
 * one cause of Han China's downfall, was the constant invasions from the Huns and similar nomadic tribes.
 * the political governement system began to crumble.
 * bureaucrats became more corrupt and the local landlords began to take over the control of most of their neighborhoods, where they ruled by their own terms.
 * the free peasants who had been heavily taxed were burdened with new taxes and demands of service from there particular landlords
 * many landlords lost their estates and even became laborers on the larger estates
 * many of them had to sell their children to serve others of the higher classes.
 * Daoist leaders known as they Yellow turbans attacked the weakness of the emperor and the self indulgence of the bureaucracy
 * they raised a group of 300,000 students who demonstrated against the development of government morality
 * Even though China was heading down a path to their downfall, the Confucian beliefs, values, and styles of life remained current in the upper class.

Buddhism: Christianity:
 * figure of worship was Buddha
 * Buddha meant the enlightened one and he lived as a Hindu, who tortured his body for 6 years. After the six years were over, he spent the rest of his life traveling the world and trying to find disciples to spread around his beliefs, when he was gone.
 * accepted the spiritual truth behind many Hindu beliefs, however, he did not believe in reincarceration
 * Buddhism reached nations besides China and India, such as Japan, Korea, and SE Asia
 * Bodhivasttas were gurus, people who enlightened people.
 * Buddhism is still the worship for the India people in the present day world.